The four pillars of nature based solutions are:
- Land: Utilizes forests, grasslands, and wetlands to sequester carbon, enhance biodiversity, and provide ecosystem services like water purification and soil stabilization.
- Rock: Focuses on using minerals and rocks to capture and store carbon through processes like enhanced weathering, where certain types of rock absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
- Ocean: Leverages marine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrasses, and seaweed cultivation to sequester carbon, support marine biodiversity, and protect coastal areas.
- Construction: Involves integrating carbon storage into building materials like biochar, carbon-storing concrete, and sustainably sourced timber to lock away carbon and enhance urban green spaces.